State Papers Foreign, France
Item
Country
GB
Name of institution (official language of the state)
Language of name of institution
eng
Contact information: postal address
Kew, Richmond TW9 4DU London
Contact information: phone number
0044 (0) 2088763444
Contact information: web address
Contact information: email
Reference number
SP 78
Type of reference number
Archival reference number
Title (official language of the state)
State Papers Foreign, France
Language of title
eng
Creator / accumulator
Secretaries of State
Date(s)
1577/1780
Language(s)
fra
eng
Extent
335 volumes
Type of material
Textual Material
Scope and content
This series of the State Papers collection is mainly composed of letters addressed to the Secretary of State from the English (later British) ambassadors, envoys, and ministers to France. The majority of the letters are dated at Paris or Versailles (after the seat of government was transferred there in 1682), but the series includes despatches from Saint-Germain, Fontainebleau and Marly and the British consuls or agents at Marseilles, Bordeaux, Lille and Bayonne, among other places. In addition, there are many letters from the Bishop of Strasbourg in the period prior to the seizure of Strasbourg by Louis XIV of France in 1681.
The series contains a number of intercepted letters, including those intended for the Marquis of Contades, the Commander of the French army on the lower Rhine in 1758 and 1759. Some of these letters are dated in Germany and the Low Countries. The papers are sometimes the original despatches and sometimes copies, transcripts or extracts.
The series also includes many draft replies by the Secretary of State, and a number of petitions, royal letters and printed papers. The royal letters are usually addressed to the British monarch and are often of a private nature.
Scattered throughout this series are some records regarding Portuguese Jews involved in diplomatic issues between Britain and France. It is the case of the correspondence sent by Abraham Prado, a prominent Sephardic contractor, to Lord Weymouth in August 1777 regarding Mrs. Peixotto, a British subject living in Bordeaux whose husband had locked her up in a convent (SP 78/303/190, SP 78/303/192). Another example reports to Simon Lemos, a Spanish Jew who was the agent of John Law (1671-1729), the Scottish monetary reformer and creator of the so-called "Mississippi scheme" for the development of French territories in America. The plan failed, but in January 1721, Robert Sutton, the British agent at Paris, tried to persuade Lemos, as Law's agent, to deal with Britain instead of France (SP 78/170/5, SP 78/170/9, SP 78/170/13).
This series also contains records regarding the concession of Gibraltar to Britain in the sequence of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) and the question regarding the Jewish settlement in this territory, namely the Spanish complaints about the encouragement to Jews given by the British (SP 78/154/85 and SP 78/189/51).
The series contains a number of intercepted letters, including those intended for the Marquis of Contades, the Commander of the French army on the lower Rhine in 1758 and 1759. Some of these letters are dated in Germany and the Low Countries. The papers are sometimes the original despatches and sometimes copies, transcripts or extracts.
The series also includes many draft replies by the Secretary of State, and a number of petitions, royal letters and printed papers. The royal letters are usually addressed to the British monarch and are often of a private nature.
Scattered throughout this series are some records regarding Portuguese Jews involved in diplomatic issues between Britain and France. It is the case of the correspondence sent by Abraham Prado, a prominent Sephardic contractor, to Lord Weymouth in August 1777 regarding Mrs. Peixotto, a British subject living in Bordeaux whose husband had locked her up in a convent (SP 78/303/190, SP 78/303/192). Another example reports to Simon Lemos, a Spanish Jew who was the agent of John Law (1671-1729), the Scottish monetary reformer and creator of the so-called "Mississippi scheme" for the development of French territories in America. The plan failed, but in January 1721, Robert Sutton, the British agent at Paris, tried to persuade Lemos, as Law's agent, to deal with Britain instead of France (SP 78/170/5, SP 78/170/9, SP 78/170/13).
This series also contains records regarding the concession of Gibraltar to Britain in the sequence of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) and the question regarding the Jewish settlement in this territory, namely the Spanish complaints about the encouragement to Jews given by the British (SP 78/154/85 and SP 78/189/51).
Archival history
The State Paper Office evolved informally and gradually from the collections of papers kept by the secretaries of state during the 16th century in the royal palace at Whitehall. The increasing complexity of administration during Elizabeth's reign suggested the need for a private library of confidential papers concerning domestic and foreign affairs to which the public did not have access, and in the 1580s such records were placed in the custody of Dr. Thomas Wilson (c.1560-1629).
The office of Keeper of the State Papers first appeared in 1610, when Levinus Monk and Thomas Wilson, nephew of the above, were jointly appointed "keeper and registers". Wilson did all he could to increase the importance of his office. He resumed a considerable number of papers removed by earlier secretaries of state, and sorted and arranged the collection under domestic and foreign divisions.
By the early 18th century, the State Paper Office was suffering from a marked lack of organisation. As an attempt to remedy this, an official known as the collector and transmitter of the state papers was appointed from 1725 onwards; this post was held in conjunction with the keepership from the 1740s. In 1764, a royal commission appointed a group of methodisers of the state papers who made further attempts to regulate the State Paper Office. These efforts were hindered by the division of the papers between rooms in the palace of Whitehall, the Holbein gate (from 1618 until 1759) and unsuitable houses in the vicinity. This problem was not solved until 1834 with the completion of Soane's purpose-built State Paper Office in Duke Street.
The Public Record Office Act 1838 brought existing and accumulating records of the central courts under the aegis of the Master of the Rolls, and the state papers and other departmental records were subsequently added to his custody. The state papers were transferred by an order in council of March 5, 1852, and in 1854 the Master of the Rolls instructed by warrant the deputy keeper of the public records to take the state papers into his charge. The State Paper Office now became a branch office of the Public Record Office until the records were removed to the Chancery Lane building in 1861. Soane's State Paper Office was then demolished.
Although attempts were made to calendar the state papers in the later 18th century, nothing concrete was achieved until in 1825 a commission was entrusted with printing and publishing the documents in the State Paper Office. Under its auspices, selections of the most important letters of the reign of Henry VIII were printed between 1830 and 1852. It was not, however, until the state papers were placed under the charge and superintendence of the Master of the Rolls by the operation of the Public Record Office Act 1838 and the order in council of March 5, 1852, that any regular system of calendars was adopted. Since that date, over 200 volumes of calendars of the Domestic, Foreign and Colonial papers, ranging from the early 16th to the later 18th century, have been published.
The office of Keeper of the State Papers first appeared in 1610, when Levinus Monk and Thomas Wilson, nephew of the above, were jointly appointed "keeper and registers". Wilson did all he could to increase the importance of his office. He resumed a considerable number of papers removed by earlier secretaries of state, and sorted and arranged the collection under domestic and foreign divisions.
By the early 18th century, the State Paper Office was suffering from a marked lack of organisation. As an attempt to remedy this, an official known as the collector and transmitter of the state papers was appointed from 1725 onwards; this post was held in conjunction with the keepership from the 1740s. In 1764, a royal commission appointed a group of methodisers of the state papers who made further attempts to regulate the State Paper Office. These efforts were hindered by the division of the papers between rooms in the palace of Whitehall, the Holbein gate (from 1618 until 1759) and unsuitable houses in the vicinity. This problem was not solved until 1834 with the completion of Soane's purpose-built State Paper Office in Duke Street.
The Public Record Office Act 1838 brought existing and accumulating records of the central courts under the aegis of the Master of the Rolls, and the state papers and other departmental records were subsequently added to his custody. The state papers were transferred by an order in council of March 5, 1852, and in 1854 the Master of the Rolls instructed by warrant the deputy keeper of the public records to take the state papers into his charge. The State Paper Office now became a branch office of the Public Record Office until the records were removed to the Chancery Lane building in 1861. Soane's State Paper Office was then demolished.
Although attempts were made to calendar the state papers in the later 18th century, nothing concrete was achieved until in 1825 a commission was entrusted with printing and publishing the documents in the State Paper Office. Under its auspices, selections of the most important letters of the reign of Henry VIII were printed between 1830 and 1852. It was not, however, until the state papers were placed under the charge and superintendence of the Master of the Rolls by the operation of the Public Record Office Act 1838 and the order in council of March 5, 1852, that any regular system of calendars was adopted. Since that date, over 200 volumes of calendars of the Domestic, Foreign and Colonial papers, ranging from the early 16th to the later 18th century, have been published.
Administrative / Biographical history
In the Middle Ages, the affairs of the state in England as directed by the King's Council were put in execution through the Chancery, the Chancellor exercising all the functions which can pertain to a modern secretary of state. The acts of Chancery had to be authenticated by the great seal, of which the Chancellor was the keeper, and were recorded on the rolls of that department.
In time the business of the state began to be exercised in a less formal manner, and to be diverted into other channels. The King's Secretary (who was at first styled the King's Clerk, then Secretary, afterwards Principal Secretary, and who was probably first called Secretary of State in the time of Elizabeth I) was increasingly employed to execute much of the business formerly pertaining to the Chancellor. In the reign of Henry VIII, the king's Principal Secretary had become a person of such great importance that his rank and precedence were determined by statute, and the business and correspondence of his office so much increased as to require in the same reign a Second Principal Secretary.
Both domestic and foreign affairs were the joint responsibility of the principal secretaries. In 1640, the king made a rough geographical division of foreign affairs between them, and out of this division, the secretaries' office was separated into the Southern and Northern Departments. From 1709 to 1726 and from 1742 to 1746 there was a Third Secretary with responsibility for Scottish affairs. Although the allocation of countries between the Northern and Southern Departments varied slightly from time to time to take account of particular circumstances, the general rule in the 18th century was that the Southern Department embraced France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Turkey and the Barbary States, as well as Home and Irish affairs; also the Colonies, until 1768 when a Third Secretary was added to take charge of colonial business. The Northern Department was concerned with the remaining overseas countries with which diplomatic relations were maintained.
In 1782, the Colonial Department was abolished and a clear division was made in the business of the two principal secretaries of state, all domestic and colonial business passing to the Southern Department, which became the Home Office, while all foreign business was allocated to the Northern Department, which became the Foreign Office.
In time the business of the state began to be exercised in a less formal manner, and to be diverted into other channels. The King's Secretary (who was at first styled the King's Clerk, then Secretary, afterwards Principal Secretary, and who was probably first called Secretary of State in the time of Elizabeth I) was increasingly employed to execute much of the business formerly pertaining to the Chancellor. In the reign of Henry VIII, the king's Principal Secretary had become a person of such great importance that his rank and precedence were determined by statute, and the business and correspondence of his office so much increased as to require in the same reign a Second Principal Secretary.
Both domestic and foreign affairs were the joint responsibility of the principal secretaries. In 1640, the king made a rough geographical division of foreign affairs between them, and out of this division, the secretaries' office was separated into the Southern and Northern Departments. From 1709 to 1726 and from 1742 to 1746 there was a Third Secretary with responsibility for Scottish affairs. Although the allocation of countries between the Northern and Southern Departments varied slightly from time to time to take account of particular circumstances, the general rule in the 18th century was that the Southern Department embraced France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Turkey and the Barbary States, as well as Home and Irish affairs; also the Colonies, until 1768 when a Third Secretary was added to take charge of colonial business. The Northern Department was concerned with the remaining overseas countries with which diplomatic relations were maintained.
In 1782, the Colonial Department was abolished and a clear division was made in the business of the two principal secretaries of state, all domestic and colonial business passing to the Southern Department, which became the Home Office, while all foreign business was allocated to the Northern Department, which became the Foreign Office.
Access points: locations
Access points: persons, families
Access points: subject terms
Access points: document types
System of arrangement
This series is generally arranged in chronological order, though some pieces contain undated papers, and there is some overlapping of dates. The series concludes with miscellaneous supplementary papers, most of which ought more properly to be bound in the main body of the records.
Links to finding aids
Author of the description
Carla Vieira, 2022